Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The major organic component of bone is collagen type I. Osteoclasts are terminally differentiated multinucleated cells of hematopoietic origin that are essential for physiological development of bone and teeth. We examined if osteoclast differentiation from murine bone marrow precursors is affected by collagen type I, or by its degradation products produced by human recombinant cathepsin K. Osteoclasts formation was dose-dependently inhibited in the presence of full length collagen type I or its 30-75 kDa degradation products added to the osteoclast differentiation media for the duration of an experiment. Collagen degradation fragments signaled through SH-2 phosphatases, inhibiting calcium signaling and NFATc1 translocation in osteoclast precursors. Osteoclasts and their precursors expressed a collagen receptor of leukocyte receptor complex family, LAIR-1. Importantly, collagen fragments failed to inhibit osteoclast formation from LAIR-1 deficient murine osteoclast precursors. This study demonstrates that collagen degradation fragments inhibit osteoclast formation acting through LAIR-1, providing a novel mechanism for the physiologically-relevant negative control of osteoclastogenesis.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2018.09.006 | DOI Listing |
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