Engineered Biosynthesis of β-Alkyl Tryptophan Analogues.

Noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) with dual stereocenters at the α and β positions are valuable precursors to natural products and therapeutics. Despite the potential applications of such bioactive β-branched ncAAs, their availability is limited due to the inefficiency of the multistep methods used to prepare them. Herein we report a stereoselective biocatalytic synthesis of β-branched tryptophan analogues using an engineered variant of Pyrococcus furiosus tryptophan synthase (PfTrpB), PfTrpB . PfTrpB is the first biocatalyst to synthesize bulky β-branched tryptophan analogues in a single step, with demonstrated access to 27 ncAAs. The molecular basis for the efficient catalysis and broad substrate tolerance of PfTrpB was explored through X-ray crystallography and UV/Vis spectroscopy, which revealed that a combination of active-site and remote mutations increase the abundance and persistence of a key reactive intermediate. PfTrpB provides an operationally simple and environmentally benign platform for the preparation of β-branched tryptophan building blocks.