A hypothesis was tested that long-term administration of thyroxine (T) in broiler breeder hens would affect fertility, sperm penetration rate, and the duration of fertility. Relative abundance of oviductal TGF-β4 and HSP70 mRNA was determined to ascertain whether T treatment affected these genes, and modulated the sustained storage of spermatozoa within the uterovaginal sperm storage tubules of hens. A total of 70, 47-week-old Cobb 500 breeder hens was randomly allotted to two treatment groups (T treatment (ET) and control). The T was orally administered to the ET group (0.3 mg T/bird/day) for 100 consecutive days; whereas the control group was not administered T during the experimental period. Breeder hens were artificially inseminated to evaluate specific reproductive variables. On the last day of the treatment period two hens /replicate were randomly killed to estimate oviductal gene expression. The T treatment resulted in an increase in plasma concentration of T; however, the T concentration was not affected. The long term administration of T had no effect on fertility; however, it resulted in a decreased sperm penetration rate and decreased the duration of fertility compared with the control group. The relative abundance of TGF-β4 and HSP70 mRNA in the SST was not influenced by T supplementation. The correlation coefficients between fertility and sperm penetration rate with relative abundance of TGF-β4 and HSP70 were not significant. Overall, among the diverse reproductive variable assessed in the current study, the sperm penetration rate and the duration of fertility were most responsive to long-term treatment with T.
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