Purpose: To compare recovery experienced during inpatient rehabilitation among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on whether their acute care included the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) protocol.
Design: Participants included 234 individuals with TBI who completed inpatient rehabilitation at a TBI Model Systems site. Of these, 67 patients were treated using the CIWA protocol (TBI + CIWA); 167 patients were treated for TBI alone (TBI only). Demographic, injury, and treatment variables between the 2 groups were compared. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared Disability Rating Scale (DRS) scores between the groups at admission and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.
Results: The 2 groups did not significantly differ on DRS scores at admission to inpatient rehabilitation: TBI + CIWA, = 9.6 (SD = 3.5) vs. TBI only, = 10.1 = 4.2). There was a significant difference in DRS scores at discharge, with the TBI + CIWA group having lower scores: TBI + CIWA, = 6.4 ( = 1.9) vs. TBI only, = 7.0 (SD = 2.2). A repeated-measures ANOVA of DRS scores from admission to discharge revealed a significant between-subjects effect based on patients' Mississippi categorization of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration ( < .001) and age ( = .016) but not based on their CIWA status ( = .068). A post hoc comparison including age as a covariate revealed a significant difference based on CIWA status ( = .013) within the "moderate" injury group at discharge, with the TBI + CIWA group having lower discharge DRS scores.
Conclusions: Given the significant symptom overlap between alcohol withdrawal and PTA, it is likely that these 2 delirium presentations are confounded during the initial recovery from TBI, leading to "overestimation" of injury severity-particularly among individuals with moderate TBI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rep0000240 | DOI Listing |
PM R
February 2021
Undergraduate, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Background: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) present with similar signs and symptoms, yet their treatment strategies differ greatly. AWS treatment includes the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) protocol, which grades withdrawal signs and symptoms. A major purpose of CIWA is to guide the addition and titration of central nervous system (CNS) depressants, most commonly benzodiazepines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRehabil Psychol
November 2018
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Purpose: To compare recovery experienced during inpatient rehabilitation among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on whether their acute care included the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) protocol.
Design: Participants included 234 individuals with TBI who completed inpatient rehabilitation at a TBI Model Systems site. Of these, 67 patients were treated using the CIWA protocol (TBI + CIWA); 167 patients were treated for TBI alone (TBI only).
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