Subchondral bone plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteochondral disease across veterinary species. The subchondral bone is highly adaptable, with the ability to model and remodel in response to loading stresses experienced by the joint. Repetitive stress injuries within the joint can result in primary or secondary pathologic lesions within the subchondral bone, which have been recognized to contribute to the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, particularly volumetric imaging modalities have facilitated earlier identification of subchondral bone disease. Despite these advancements, limitations in our knowledge about subchondral bone makes treatment and prevention of these conditions challenging. The purpose of this report is to review our current understanding of subchondral bone and its relationship to osteoarthritis across veterinary species, with a specific focus in the research that has been performed in horses. It can be concluded that our current understanding of subchondral bone is advancing, and future experimental, clinical and pathologic studies will provide additional insight about subchondral bone and its relationship to joint disease.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00178 | DOI Listing |
Nutrients
January 2025
Grupo de Investigación en Calidad de Vida y Salud, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 03016 Alicante, Spain.
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and affects over 528 million people worldwide. Degenerative joint disease involves cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation, leading to chronic pain, stiffness, and impaired joint function. Initially regarded as a "wear and tear" condition associated with aging and mechanical stress, OA is now recognized as a multifaceted disease influenced by systemic factors such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and chronic low-grade inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anat
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.
The primary weight-bearing structure of the proximal femur, trabecular bone, has a complex three-dimensional architecture that was previously difficult to comprehensively display. This study examined the spatial architecture of trabecular struts in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections of the proximal femur using 21 cases prepared with P45 sectional plasticization. The primary compressive strut (PCS) exhibited a "mushroom-like" shape with upper and lower parts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioengineering (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Orthopedic Research, Arthrex, 81249 Munich, Germany.
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of bony increased offset (BIO) and metallic augments (MAs) on primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) baseplate stability in cadaveric specimens with variable bone densities.
Methods: Thirty cadaveric specimens were analyzed in an imaging and biomechanical investigation. Computed tomography (CT) scans allowed for preoperative RSA planning and bone density analysis.
J Orthop Surg Res
January 2025
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by progressive degeneration of cartilage and reactive proliferation of subchondral bone, stands as a prevalent condition in orthopedic clinics. However, the precise mechanisms underlying OA pathogenesis remain inadequately explored.
Methods: In this study, Random Forest (RF), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) machine learning techniques were employed to identify hub genes.
Orthop J Sports Med
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Background: Acetabular subchondral cysts are commonly identified signs of joint degeneration and arthritis. This pathology is generally considered a relative contraindication for hip preservation surgery.
Purpose: To investigate the effect of arthroscopic bone grafting for the treatment of acetabular subchondral cysts.
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