Diagnostic performance of an artificial intelligence-driven cardiac-structured reporting system for myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging.

Objectives: To describe and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven structured reporting system by direct comparison of automatically generated reports to results from actual clinical reports generated by nuclear cardiology experts.

Background: Quantitative parameters extracted from myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) studies are used by our AI reporting system to generate automatically a guideline-compliant structured report (sR).

Method: A new nonparametric approach generates distribution functions of rest and stress, perfusion, and thickening, for each of 17 left ventricle segments that are then transformed to certainty factors (CFs) that a segment is hypoperfused, ischemic. These CFs are then input to our set of heuristic rules used to reach diagnostic findings and impressions propagated into a sR referred as an AI-driven structured report (AIsR). The diagnostic accuracy of the AIsR for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemia was tested in 1,000 patients who had undergone rest/stress SPECT MPI.

Results: At the high-specificity (SP) level, in a subset of 100 patients, there were no statistical differences in the agreements between the AIsr, and nine experts' impressions of CAD (P = .33) or ischemia (P = .37). This high-SP level also yielded the highest accuracy across global and regional results in the 1,000 patients. These accuracies were statistically significantly better than the other two levels [sensitivity (SN)/SP tradeoff, high SN] across all comparisons.

Conclusions: This AI reporting system automatically generates a structured natural language report with a diagnostic performance comparable to those of experts.