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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
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Function: _error_handler
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Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the pediatric population are rare, yet they form the most frequent cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children. Compared to adults, children have been suggested to have beneficial neurological outcomes. However, few studies have focused on other variables than neurological outcomes. This study aims to assess the long-term functional and educational outcomes of children after multimodality approach of treatment for intracranial AVMs.
Methods: All children treated in our center between 1998 and 2016 for intracranial AVMs were reviewed. Patient characteristics, as well as AVM specifics, were collected. Functional outcomes were compared using the modified Rankin scale (mRs). Educational levels, using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), were compared to the age-matched general population of the Netherlands.
Results: In total, 25 children were included at mean age of 10 years (range 2-16 years). Nineteen patients (76%) presented with intracranial bleeding. Mean follow-up was 11.5 ± 5.3 years (range 4.1-24.4). Four (16%) of patients were treated with embolization, three (12%) with microsurgery, and 18 patients (72%) received a combination of different treatment modalities. Altogether, 21 (84%) were embolized, 14 (56%) were treated with microsurgery, and eight (32%) received stereotactic radiosurgery. One child had a worse mRs at discharge compared to admission; all others improved (n = 11) or were stable (n = 13). At follow-up, all patients scored a stable or improved mRs compared to discharge, with 23 children (92%) scoring mRs 0 or 1. These 23 children followed regular education during follow-up without specialized or adapted schooling. No significant differences in educational level with the age-matched general population were found.
Conclusion: This retrospective review shows positive long-term results of both functional and educational outcomes after multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric brain AVMs.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6209013 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-018-3665-y | DOI Listing |
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