Elevated nutrient concentrations in headwaters affected by drained peatland.

Nutrient export from drained peatland has significant impacts on aquatic environments in Nordic catchments. Spatial information on variations in nutrient concentrations across different landscapes and land uses is needed to design measures for achieving the good ecological status of the EU Water Framework Directive. In this study we determined background concentrations in natural peatland-dominated streams and examined effects of peatland use practices on water quality in headwater catchments. We quantified sources for different elements by joint analysis of water chemistry, isotopes, and hydrology for 62 small catchments in North Ostrobothnia, Finland. Concentrations of nutrients and suspended solids were relatively high in catchments containing drained peatland. In particular, dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were elevated during baseflow conditions when flow likely originated from deeper soil layers. Total concentrations of nutrients, suspended solids, and loss on ignition also showed elevated values, and changes in the ratio of dissolved and particulate forms, especially the C/N ratio, were observed. Past drainage had a stronger effect on organic matter and nutrients concentrations than local hydroclimate conditions. These results strongly indicate that current water protection methods are not sufficient to capture all seasonal variations in nutrient and suspended solid loads from drained peatland. Thus, more effort and actions are needed for water protection in such areas.