Polymorphism Predisposes to Dopamine Overdose in Parkinson's Disease.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), cognitive functions mediated by brain regions innervated by ventral tegmental area (VTA) worsen with dopamine replacement therapy, whereas processes relying on regions innervated by the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) improve. The gene encodes the dopamine transporter (DAT). The common 9R polymorphism produces higher DAT concentrations and consequently lower baseline dopamine than wildtype. Whether genotype modulates the effect of dopaminergic therapy on cognition in PD is not known. We investigated the effect of dopaminergic therapy and genotype on encoding and recall of abstract images using the Aggie Figures Learning Test in PD patients. Encoding depends upon brain regions innervated by the VTA, whereas recall is mediated by widespread brain regions, a number innervated by the SNc. We found that dopaminergic therapy worsened encoding of abstract images in 9R carriers only. In contrast, dopaminergic therapy improved recall of abstract images in all PD patients, irrespective of genotype. Our findings suggest that 9R-carrier PD patients are more predisposed to dopamine overdose and medication-induced impairment of cognitive functions mediated by VTA-innervated brain regions. Interestingly, PD patients without the 9R polymorphism did not show such an impairment. genotype does not modulate the dopaminergic therapy-induced improvement of functions mediated by SNc-innervated regions in PD patients.