Depsidone Derivatives and a Cyclopeptide Produced by Marine Fungus under Chemical Induction and by Its Plasma Induced Mutant.

A new depsidone derivative (), aspergillusidone G, was isolated from a marine fungus , together with eight known depsidones (‒) and a cyclic peptide (): agonodepside A (), nornidulin (), nidulin (), aspergillusidone F (), unguinol (), aspergillusidone C (), 2-chlorounguinol (), aspergillusidone A (), and unguisin A (). Compounds ‒ and ‒ were obtained from the plasma induced mutant of this fungus, while , , and were isolated from the original strain under chemical induction. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data. The HPLC fingerprint analysis indicates that chemical induction and plasma mutagenesis effectively influenced the secondary metabolism, which may be due to their regulation in the key steps in depsidone biosynthesis. In bioassays, compound inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC in 56.75 μM. Compounds , , , , and showed moderate to strong activity towards different microbes. Compounds , , and exhibited potent larvicidality against brine shrimp. In docking studies, higher negative CDOCKER interaction energy and richer strong interactions between AChE and explained the greater activity of compared to . Chemical induction and plasma mutagenesis can be used as tools to expand the chemodiversity of fungi and obtain useful natural products.