The core of a formal semantics of an imperative programming language is a memory model that describes the behavior of operations on the memory. Defining a memory model that matches the description of C in the C11 standard is challenging because C allows both (by means of typed expressions) and (by means of bit manipulation) memory accesses. The C11 standard has restricted the interaction between these two levels to make more effective compiler optimizations possible, at the expense of making the memory model complicated. We describe a formal memory model of the (non-concurrent part of the) C11 standard that incorporates these restrictions, and at the same time describes low-level memory operations. This formal memory model includes a rich permission model to make it usable in separation logic and supports reasoning about program transformations. The memory model and essential properties of it have been fully formalized using the Coq proof assistant.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10817-016-9369-1 | DOI Listing |
Ann Ital Chir
December 2024
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 312000 Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
Aim: To establish a simple, safe, and reproducible animal model of tricuspid regurgitation (TR).
Methods: A self-expanding stent made of nickel-titanium shape memory metal alloy was developed. Ten white pigs were randomized into an experimental group (n = 7) and a control group (n = 3).
Diabetes Obes Metab
December 2024
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Aim: We aimed to identify the characteristics of patients with diabetes who can derive cognitive benefits from intensive blood pressure (BP) treatment using machine learning methods.
Materials And Methods: Using data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study, 1349 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent BP treatment (intensive treatment targeting a systolic BP <120 mmHg vs. standard treatment targeting <140 mmHg) were included in the machine learning analysis.
CNS Neurosci Ther
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Aims: The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is a major source of cholinergic innervation in the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of structural and functional alterations in the NBM and its projections in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the effects of computerized cognitive training (CCT).
Methods: Forty-five patients with MCI and 45 cognitively unimpaired controls (CUCs) were recruited.
Front Psychol
December 2024
F. C. Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
This paper presents a general model of the cognitive processes involved in each play situation of soccer at the elite level. Theoretically the model draws on general frameworks from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, in particular the affordance competition hypothesis and the reward prediction error theory. The model includes three functional stages: situational assessment, action selection and execution, and outcome assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Comput Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium.
Inspired by animal navigation strategies, we introduce a novel computational model to navigate and map a space rooted in biologically inspired principles. Animals exhibit extraordinary navigation prowess, harnessing memory, imagination, and strategic decision-making to traverse complex and aliased environments adeptly. Our model aims to replicate these capabilities by incorporating a dynamically expanding cognitive map over predicted poses within an active inference framework, enhancing our agent's generative model plasticity to novelty and environmental changes.
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