Left Atrial Remodeling Assessed by Cardiac MRI after Conversion from Conventional Hemodialysis to In-Centre Nocturnal Hemodialysis.

Background: Left atrial (LA) volume is a well-established cardiovascular prognosticator in patients with end-stage renal disease. Although dialysis intensification is associated with left ventricular mass regression, there are limited data regarding LA remodeling. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), we examined changes in LA size and function relative to ventricular remodeling and cardiac biomarkers after dialysis intensification.

Methods: In this prospective 2-centre cohort study, 37 patients receiving conventional hemodialysis (CHD, 4 h/session, 3×/week) were converted to in-centre nocturnal hemodialysis (INHD 7-8 h/session, 3×/week); 30 patients remained on CHD. CMR and biomarkers were performed at baseline and repeated at 52 weeks.

Results: After 52 weeks, there were no significant changes in the LA volumes or LA ejection fraction (EF) within either the CHD or INHD group, and no significant differences between the two groups. Correlations existed between changes in LA and LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVi, Spearman's r = 0.69, p < 0.001), LA and LV end-systolic volume index (ESVi, r = 0.44, p = 0.001), LAEF and LVEF (r = 0.28, p = 0.04), LA and RV EDVi (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), LA and RV ESVi (r = 0.29, p = 0.039), and LA ESVi and LV mass index (r = 0.31, p = 0.02). At baseline, indexed LA volumes positively correlated with NT-proBNP, whereas LAEF negatively correlated with NT-proBNP and Troponin I. After 52 weeks, changes in biomarker levels did not correlate with changes in LA volume or EF.

Conclusion: There was no significant change in LA size or systolic function after conversion to INHD. The significant correlations between LA and ventricular remodeling and cardiac biomarkers suggest common underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00718848.