Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial inflammation of the nasal and paranasal mucosa. Until now, no internationally standardized classification could be developed. In most cases, CRS is phenotypically classified according to chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRScNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). However, recent studies could show that there are numerous endotypes within these phenotypes based on different inflammatory mechanisms. This review describes the important immunological mechanisms of CRScNP and highlights modern treatment options with biologicals directly addressing particular immunological processes.
Methods: Current knowledge on immunological and molecular processes of CRS, particularly CRScNP, was extracted from Medline, PubMed, national and international study- and guideline-registers, and the Cochrane library by a systematic review of the literature.
Results: Based on current literature, various immunological mechanisms for CRS and CRScNP could be identified. Relevant studies for the treatment of eosinophilic conditions such as asthma or CRScNP are presented and, if available, results of these studies are discussed.
Conclusion: The growing insight into the underlying immunological mechanisms of CRScNP could pave the way for new personalized treatment options such as biologicals in the future.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-018-0557-7 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
An unexpected guest: First report of Tintelnotia destructans as an agent of maxillary fungus ball.
J Mycol Med
January 2025
Aix-Marseille Université, SSA, AP-HM, RITMES, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
Fungal rhinosinusal infections comprise several nosological entities, including sinus fungus ball. Diagnosis of sinus fungus ball relies on patient interrogation and clinical and paraclinical findings. Mold species commonly involved include Aspergillus, as well as dematiaceous fungi.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiological therapy in Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease. High proportions of patients with CRSwNP characterized by type 2 inflammation fail to gain adequate control with conventional medical and surgical approaches. The application of biologics in clinical practice and assessments of novel biologics in clinical trials are blooming in expectations to fulfill the unmet medical needs of patients with CRSwNP with type 2 inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in the Microbiome During Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
Pathogens
December 2024
Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49 St., 60-355 Poznań, Poland.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses with a yet unknown etiology. As studies continue to elucidate the disease's heterogeneity inflammatory profile and presentation, there is a growing interest in the influence of the nasal microbiome on disease pathogenesis and chronicity. The sinus microbiota appear dominated by the and genera; known upper airway pathogens, such as , are present in the upper airways of healthy individuals, though at relatively lower abundances than in CRS patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of Respiratory Microbiomes in Influenza Versus Other Respiratory Infections: Systematic Review and Analysis.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
Studies have indicated the potential importance of the human nasal and respiratory microbiomes in health and disease. However, the roles of these microbiomes in the pathogenesis of influenza and its complications are not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and analysis is to identify the patterns of nasal and respiratory microbiome dysbiosis and to define the unique signature bacteria associated with influenza compared with other respiratory tract infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-world effectiveness of mepolizumab in Japanese asthma patients with diverse backgrounds: Improvements in rhinosinusitis imaging (J-Real-Mepo).
Allergol Int
January 2025
Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Background: Although randomized controlled trials (RCT) have demonstrated the efficacy of mepolizumab for asthma, they have excluded certain patient subgroups. To bridge the gap between RCT and real-world practice, the effectiveness of mepolizumab in a diverse population, including those potentially excluded from RCT, was assessed. Its effects on imaging findings and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with asthma were also assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!