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Do confined field trials add value for the environment risk assessment of genetically modified Brassica napus L. in Japan?
Transgenic Res
January 2025
Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 48-1 Oka, Asaka-shi, Saitama, 351-8510, Japan.
The environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops in Japan requires collecting data from a comparative study of a GM and non-GM control in an in-country confined field trial (CFT). This in-country CFT requirement is used to address concerns that differences in the local environmental conditions may lead to differences in growth and/or risks of GM crops. However, this requirement for in-country CFT has recently been exempted for certain GM maize and GM cotton traits, and instead CFT data from other countries are used to inform the ERA of these GM events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Effect of Intensive Treatment of Hypertension on Cardiovascular Events, Generalized to Middle-Aged to Older Americans Living with Hypertension.
Am J Epidemiol
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD.
The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) estimated the effect of intensive SBP treatment (target <120 mmHg) compared to standard (<140 mmHg) on the risk of cardiovascular events in adults aged 50+ years. Clinical trial participants may differ from an intervention's target population. We generalized the SPRINT results to U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUniversal Health Checkups and Risk of Incident Diabetes and Hypertension.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are increasing globally, particularly related to obesity, prompting Japan to start a Specific Health Checkup (SHC) program in 2008 for disease prevention, but its effectiveness hasn't been thoroughly evaluated.
- Researchers sought to determine the impact of the SHC program on the occurrence of diabetes and hypertension using a retrospective cohort study involving data from individuals aged 40-74 without these conditions prior to the program.
- Out of a total of 78,620 participants in the SHC and 214,554 nonparticipants, the study revealed that in a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 11.2% of individuals developed new cases of type 2 diabetes or hypertension, highlighting potential outcomes of the health
Interventions to improve mental health and well-being in care-experienced children and young people aged less than 25: the CHIMES systematic review.
Public Health Res (Southampt)
December 2024
Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Background: Children and young people with experience of being in care (e.g. foster care, kinship care, residential care or at home with a supervision requirement order) are at higher risk of adverse mental health and well-being outcomes compared to the general population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGoing beyond randomised controlled trials to assess treatment effect heterogeneity across target populations.
Health Econ
January 2025
Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Methods have been developed for transporting evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to target populations. However, these approaches allow only for differences in characteristics observed in the RCT and real-world data (overt heterogeneity). These approaches do not recognise heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) according to unmeasured characteristics (essential heterogeneity).
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