A series of 5-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines was synthesized via a 10-step linear synthesis to assess whether replacement of noscapine's southern isobenzofuranone with other moieties resulted in retained cytotoxic activity. One such molecule, 18g, bearing a para-methoxybenzyl functionality with N-ethylcarbamoyl substitution, produced cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase with an EC of 2.7 μM in the MCF-7 breast-cancer cell line, a 7-fold increase compared with that of noscapine (5). This molecule had similar activity (EC of 2.5 μM) against the resistant NCI/Adr cell line, demonstrating its potential to overcome or avert known resistance mechanisms, unlike current cytotoxic agents. Compound 18g was found to modify the drug-efflux activity of P-gp and, in combination studies, potentiate the antiproliferative activity of vinblastine. These results provide insights into structural modifications to noscapine that will guide future development toward more potent cytotoxic agents that are active against resistant cancer cells.
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