Many youth with ADHD experience peer difficulties, but the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction remain unknown. Very little work has examined neurophysiological measures of social feedback processing in relation to ADHD symptoms. The goal of this study was to examine associations of ADHD symptoms with indicators of sensitivity to social feedback in a laboratory task and self-report of rejection sensitivity. A large community sample of 10- to 15-year-old adolescents (N = 391; M = 12.64, 48.6% girls) participated in the study. Mothers rated youth ADHD symptoms. Youth completed the Island Getaway task, which elicits neurophysiological (i.e., event-related potentials [ERP]) measures of sensitivity to peer rejection and acceptance feedback, and also completed self-ratings of rejection sensitivity. Greater ADHD symptoms were associated with an enhanced N1 ERP component, which correlated with higher levels of self-reported rejection sensitivity. In addition, greater ADHD symptoms were associated with reduced reactivity to social acceptance, as measured by the later reward positivity ERP component. Youth with elevated ADHD symptoms exhibited enhanced sensitivity to peer rejection at the neurophysiological and self-report level, as well as reduced neurophysiological reactivity to peer acceptance. Future work including neural measures of social functioning may serve to elucidate mechanisms underlying the social dysfunction characteristic of ADHD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6395560 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0470-2 | DOI Listing |
Neuroscience
January 2025
School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address:
Schizophrenia (SCHZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share clinical symptoms and risk genes, but the shared and distinct neural dynamic mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Degree is a fundamental and important graph measure in network neuroscience, and we here extended the degree to hierarchical levels based on eigenmodes and compared the resting-state brain networks of three disorders and healthy controls (HC). First, compared to HC, SCHZ and BD patients exhibited substantially overlapped abnormalities in brain networks, wherein BD patients displayed more significant alterations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Child Psychol Psychiatry
January 2025
National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Background: More research is needed to understand psychopathology among parents of children with mental disorders in the years before and after the child is diagnosed. Here, we estimated the risk of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use in parents of children with versus without mental disorders and the temporal associations between child and parental psychopathology.
Methods: We conducted a population-based matched cohort study using Danish register data.
BMC Psychiatry
January 2025
MedaData, LLC, Rochester Hills, USA.
Background: Adults with ADHD benefit from treatment with extended-release (ER) formulations that provide symptom control for the entire day. Some patients are advised to supplement their extended-release medication with an immediate-release (IR) medication later in the day if they need to prolong its effects. Given that several FDA-approved ER formulations are available and many individual patient variables may affect efficacy, the purpose of this study was to identify reliable predictors of the tendency for patients to supplement their daily ER medication with an IR medication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Psychiatry Psychother
January 2025
Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Background: The offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) and with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher risk of having the same condition. Both disorders also share psychopathological symptoms; however, little is known about their genetic overlap. To examine whether the offspring of parents with BD have a greater chance of being affected by ADHD, we conducted a systematic review.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, insomnia, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with a neurodegenerative process and linked to increased risk for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Because of the shared biological mechanisms of AD and neuropsychiatric disorders, we hypothesized that pharmacologic treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders could impact the risk for AD. CNS drugs that are first-line therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders (including antidepressants, sedatives, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and stimulants) were investigated for impact on AD incidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!