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Diversity analysis of Plio-Pleistocene large mammal communities in the Omo-Turkana Basin, eastern Africa. | LitMetric

Diversity analysis of Plio-Pleistocene large mammal communities in the Omo-Turkana Basin, eastern Africa.

J Hum Evol

Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Published: November 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • Understanding large mammal diversity changes over time and space is crucial for studying hominin evolution, but applying current analytical methods from neoecology to paleoanthropology is rare and challenging due to the unique statistical properties of diversity.
  • In the Omo-Turkana Basin, researchers found that Koobi Fora had higher mammal diversity than Nachukui, which was more diverse than Shungura, with overall stability in alpha and gamma diversity across formations.
  • The study highlights the role of habitat heterogeneity in influencing diversity and suggests that resource availability likely constrained diversity stability, emphasizing the importance of understanding mammal diversity dynamics to better comprehend hominin ecosystems.

Article Abstract

Knowing how the diversity of large mammal communities changes across space and time provides an important ecological framework for studying hominin evolution. However, diversity studies that apply methods currently used by neoecologists are rare in paleoanthropology and are also challenging due to diversity's unusual statistical properties. Here, we apply up-to-date analytical methods for understanding how species- and genus-level large mammalian diversity in the Omo-Turkana Basin changed through time and across space at multiple spatiotemporal scales (within each formation:10 km and 10 years; and within the basin as a whole: 10 km and 10 years). We found that, on average, Koobi Fora's large mammal community was more diverse than Nachukui's, which in turn was more diverse than Shungura's. Diversity was stable through time within each of these formations (alpha diversity), as was diversity in the basin as a whole (gamma diversity). Compositional dissimilarity between these three formations (beta diversity) was relatively low through time, with a 0.6 average proportion of shared species, suggesting dispersal acted to homogenize the region. Though alpha and gamma diversity were fairly stable through time, we do observe several notable peaks: during the KBS Member in Koobi Fora (30% increase), the Lokalalei Member in Nachukui (120% increase), and at 1.7 Ma in the entire basin (100% increase). We conclude by (1) demonstrating that habitat heterogeneity was an important factor influencing alpha diversity within each of the three formations, and (2) hypothesizing that diversity stability may have been driven by equilibrial dynamics in which overall diversity was constrained by resource availability, implying biotic interactions were an important factor in structuring the communities that included hominins as members. Our findings demonstrate the need to quantify how large mammal diversity changes across time and space in order to further our understanding of hominin ecology and evolution.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.004DOI Listing

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