Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with HIV/AIDS and immune reconstitution syndrome: a case study and literature review.

The etiology of posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) is typically multifactorial. Patients with HIV are at risk for the development of this syndrome. We review 17 published cases of HIV and PRES and describe the second reported case of PRES in the setting of HIV and immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS). IRIS has not yet been described as a risk factor for PRES.