Four novel Gram-stain-positive, non spore forming and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strains were isolated from the faeces of a cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and an emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA revealed that bifidobacterial strains TRE 1 exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness to Bifidobacterium catulorum DSM 103154 (96.0%) and Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201 (96.0%); TRE D and TRE H were closely related to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum ATCC 15708 with similarity values of 97.4% and 97.5%, respectively; TRI 7 was closely related to Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201 (96.0%). The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and in silico DDH (isDDH) analysis with closest neighbour supported an independent phylogenetic position of all strains with values ranged from 74 to 85% for ANI and from 24 to 28% for isDDH. DNA base composition of the four strains was in the range of 58.3-63.5mol% G+C. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data, the strains TRE 1, TRE D, TRE H and TRI 7 clearly represent four novel taxa within the genus Bifidobacterium for which the names Bifidobacterium primatium sp. nov. (type strain TRE 1=DSM 100687=JCM 30945), Bifidobacterium scaligerum sp. nov. (type strain TRE D=DSM 103140=JCM 31792), Bifidobacterium felsineum sp. nov. (type strain TRE H=DSM 103139=JCM 31789) and Bifidobacterium simiarum sp. nov. (type strain TRI 7=DSM 103153=JCM 31793) are proposed.
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