AI Article Synopsis
- - Failure of β-cells to produce enough insulin is a key factor in the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D), and microRNAs play an important role in regulating this process by influencing protein expression.
- - This review discusses how microRNAs can affect target protein levels and their overall impact on β-cell function, as well as the influence of nutrition on microRNA levels and their expression in human islets.
- - Future research aims to further explore the role of microRNAs in α-cells, detail the interactions within the microRNA-mRNA network, and evaluate their potential as biomarkers and treatment options for T2D and its complications.
Article Abstract
Failure of the β-cell to secrete enough insulin is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes (T2D). MicroRNAs provide an extra layer in the regulation of protein expression, and are thus involved in β-cell compensation during development of the disease. In this review, we discuss how microRNAs can regulate their target protein expression and phenotypic output, present the status of nutritional regulation of microRNA expression, and summarize work on microRNA expression in human islets. In conclusion, current data lend support to microRNAs being essential regulators of insulin secretion. Future work will describe microRNAs in α-cell function, details of the microRNA-mRNA network, and possibilities to use microRNAs as biomarkers and in therapeutic treatment of T2D and complications.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.003 | DOI Listing |
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