Ten phenolic compounds were examined for their effect on mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) hypocotyl growth and on respiration and coupling parameters of isolated mung bean hypocotyl mitochondria. Three compounds-tannic, gentisic, and p-coumaric acids-inhibited hypocotyl growth and when incubated with isolated hypocotyl mitochondria released respiratory control, inhibited respiration, and prevented substrate-supported Ca and PO transport. Vanillic acid also inhibited hypocotyl growth and reduced mitochondrial Ca uptake but did not affect respiration or respiratory control of isolated mitochondria. This is the first compound reported to selectively inhibit Ca uptake in plant mitochondria. Two other phenolic compounds-α, 3,5-resorcylic and protocatechuic acids-showed no significant effect on hypocotyl growth and did not affect mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation either separately or in various combinations. Four phenolic compounds-ferulic, caffeic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic acids-showed a significant reduction in mung bean hypocotyl growth but did not inhibit any of the mitochondrial processes examined. The results show that phenolic compounds which alter respiration or coupling responses in isolated mitochondria also inhibit hypocotyl growth and may reflect a mechanism of action for these natural growth inhibitors.
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