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Evidence for Male Horn Dimorphism and Related Pronotal Shape Variation in (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Coprini). | LitMetric

Evidence for Male Horn Dimorphism and Related Pronotal Shape Variation in (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Coprini).

Insects

Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10123 Torino, Italy.

Published: August 2018

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Male horn dimorphism is a rather common phenomenon in dung beetles, where some adult individuals have well-developed head horns (i.e., major males), while others exhibit diminished horn length (i.e., minor males). We focused on horn dimorphism and associated head and pronotum shape variations in . We examined the allometric relationship between horn length (i.e., cephalic and pronotal horns) and maximum pronotum width (as index of body size) by fitting linear and sigmoidal models for both sexes. We then asked whether head and pronotum shape variations, quantified using the geometric morphometric approach, contributed to this allometric pattern. We found that female cephalic and pronotal horn growth showed a typical isometric scaling with body size. Horn length in males, however, exhibited sigmoidal allometry, where a certain threshold in body size separated males into two distinct morphs as majors and minors. Interestingly, we highlighted the same allometric patterns (i.e., isometric vs. sigmoidal models) by scaling horn lengths with pronotum shape, making evident that male horn dimorphism is not only a matter of body size. Furthermore, the analysis of shape showed that the three morphs had similar heads, but different pronota, major males showing a more expanded, rounded pronotum than minor males and females. These morphological differences in can ultimately have important functional consequences in the ecology of this species, which should be explored in future work.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164466PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9030108DOI Listing

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