The isolation of multicellular complexes of thymocytes and different types of thymic stromal cells from the mouse thymus is described. Isolated complexes were examined by light microscopy. Stromal cells, binding thymocytes at their surface, were identified using electron microscopy, and three types of epithelial cells, macrophages and interdigitating-like cells (IDC-like cells) were distinguished from their morphological characteristics. The epithelial cell types correspond morphologically to epithelial cells present in situ in various thymic regions. The type of thymocyte-contact with epithelial cells, macrophages and IDC-like cells indicated that the formation of multicellular complexes is common.
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Drug Dev Ind Pharm
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Samalkha, Panipat, Haryana, 132102, India.
ObjectiveIt has been reported that cancer cells get protected by a complex and rich multicellular environment i.e. the tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of varying immune cells, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Many bacteria live in polymeric fluids, such as mucus, environmental polysaccharides, and extracellular polymers in biofilms. However, laboratory studies typically focus on cells in polymer-free fluids. Here, we show that interactions with polymers shape a fundamental feature of bacterial life-how they proliferate in space in multicellular colonies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Spheroid culture systems have been extensively used to model the three-dimensional (3D) behavior of cells in vitro. Traditionally, spheroids consist of a single cell type, limiting their ability to fully recapitulate the complex inter-cellular interactions observed in vivo. Here we describe a protocol for generating cocultured spheroids composed of two distinct cell types, embedded within a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) to better study cellular interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofabrication
January 2025
Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, McCullough 246, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California, 94305-6104, UNITED STATES.
Advances in biofabrication have enabled the generation of freeform perfusable networks mimicking vasculature. However, key challenges remain in the effective endothelialization of these complex, vascular-like networks, including cell uniformity, seeding efficiency, and the ability to pattern multiple cell types. To overcome these challenges, we present an integrated fabrication and endothelialization strategy to directly generate branched, endothelial cell-lined networks using a diffusion-based, embedded 3D bioprinting process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Sci
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
This study investigated possible mechanisms underlying differences between heterophilic and homophilic cadherin adhesions that influence intercellular mechanics and multicellular organization. Results suggest that homophilic cadherin ligation selectively activates force-transduction, such that resulting signaling and mechano-transduction amplitudes are independent of cadherin binding affinities. Epithelial (E-) and neural (N-) cadherin cooperate with distinct growth factors to mechanically activate force-transduction cascades.
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