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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6107615 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0157 | DOI Listing |
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Cloud radiative effect dominates variabilities of surface energy budget in the dark Arctic.
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
Climate models simulate a wide range of temperatures in the Arctic. Here we investigate one of the main drivers of changes in surface temperature: the net surface heat flux in the models. We show that in the winter months of the dark Arctic, there is a more than two-fold difference in the net surface heat fluxes among the models, and this difference is dominated by the downward infrared radiation from clouds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvolutionary diversification and succession of soil huge phages in glacier foreland.
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Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
Background: Huge phages (genome size ≥ 200 kb) have been detected in diverse habitats worldwide, infecting a variety of prokaryotes. However, their evolution and adaptation strategy in soils remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of soil-derived genomes.
Results: Here, we conduct a size-fractioned (< 0.
Oceanic evasion fuels Arctic summertime rebound of atmospheric mercury and drives transport to Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.
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Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
Mercury (Hg) contamination poses a persistent threat to the remote Arctic ecosystem, yet the mechanisms driving the pronounced summer rebound of atmospheric gaseous elemental Hg (Hg) and its subsequent fate remain unclear due to limitations in large-scale seasonal studies. Here, we use an integrated atmosphere-land-sea-ice-ocean model to simulate Hg cycling in the Arctic comprehensively. Our results indicate that oceanic evasion is the dominant source (~80%) of the summer Hg rebound, particularly driven by seawater Hg release facilitated by seasonal ice melt (~42%), with further contributions from anthropogenic deposition and terrestrial re-emissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReproductive and persistence strategy of the liverwort Arnellia fennica after the last glaciation in the area of disjunction in Central Europe (Polish Tatra Mountains, carpathians).
Sci Rep
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Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10‑727, Olsztyn, Poland.
The liverwort Arnellia fennica has a circumarctic distribution with disjunct and scarce localities in the Alps, Carpathians, and Pyrenees. Within the Carpathians, it is only known from the Tatra Mountains (in Poland), where so far only four occurrences have been documented in the forest belt of the limestone part of the Western Tatras. The species is considered a tertiary relict, which owes its survival during the last glaciation period to low-lying locations in areas not covered by ice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA One-Dimensional Energy Balance Model Parameterization for the Formation of CO Ice on the Surfaces of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets.
Astrobiology
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Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Eccentric planets may spend a significant portion of their orbits at large distances from their host stars, where low temperatures can cause atmospheric CO to condense out onto the surface, similar to the polar ice caps on Mars. The radiative effects on the climates of these planets throughout their orbits would depend on the wavelength-dependent albedo of surface CO ice that may accumulate at or near apoastron and vary according to the spectral energy distribution of the host star. To explore these possible effects, we incorporated a CO ice-albedo parameterization into a one-dimensional energy balance climate model.
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