Background: Development of an embedded performance validity test (PVT) is desired for visual memory tests. The goal of this study was to derive an embedded PVT for the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) Objects visual memory subtest in youth with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).
Methods: Children and adolescents (N = 91; mean age = 14.9 years, SD = 2.2, range = 8-18) on average 25.2 weeks (SD = 15.4) post-MTBI were administered ChAMP Objects. Two stand-alone PVTs (Test of Memory Malingering and Medical Symptom Validity Test) were administered, which allowed for grouping into valid (zero failed stand-alone PVTs) and invalid (both stand-alone PVTs failed). Cutoff scores for invalid performance on ChAMP Objects and Objects Delayed were established using failure on two PVTs as the criterion.
Results: One in five youth (n = 19) failed both PVTs. Invalid performance was not associated with demographics or time since injury, but was significantly correlated with both ChAMP Objects (r = .53, p<.001) and Objects Delayed (r = -.63, p<.001). Area under the curve suggested adequate discrimination by Objects (.87) and excellent discrimination by Objects Delayed (.91). A cutoff scaled score of 5 or less on ChAMP Objects provided sensitivity of 58% for detecting invalid performance with 96% sensitivity. A cutoff scaled score of 5 or less on ChAMP Objects Delayed achieved sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 96%. Interpreting the two embedded PVTs simultaneously improved sensitivity to 79% with 93% specificity.
Conclusion: This study yields promising new embedded PVTs for the ChAMP Objects subtest with strong sensitivity and specificity for detecting invalid performance in youth with MTBI.
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