Risk-based management strategy and outcomes of tumor lysis syndrome in children with leukemia/lymphoma: Analysis from a resource-limited setting.

Background: Data from low- and middle-income countries on tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in the pediatric population are limited. This study aims to analyze the clinical and biochemical characteristics and treatment outcomes of TLS in children with leukemia/lymphomas in a resource-limited setting.

Procedure: Children with intermediate risk (IRD) and high risk (HRD) for developing TLS were retrospectively studied at a tertiary cancer center in India.

Results: Over a three-year period, 224 children with acute leukemia/lymphoma having IRD (21.8%, n = 49) and HRD (78.1%, n = 175) were identified. TLS developed in 53.6% (n = 120) cases, of which 75% (n = 90) had laboratory TLS alone. Thirteen children had clinical TLS (C-TLS) at presentation while 17 patients progressed to develop C-TLS. TLS developed in 51% (n = 25) and 54.5% (n = 95) of children with IRD and HRD, respectively. Rasburicase was used in 8.5% (n = 19) cases and five children required hemodialysis. Two children (0.8%) expired during the course of TLS management. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of hyperuricemia as the single significant risk factor for developing TLS. When children in whom a 25% change in biochemical values from the baseline that falls within the normal range were excluded, 21.4% (48/224) cases were identified to have clinically relevant TLS (8% in IRD and 25% in HRD).

Conclusion: With hydration, supportive care and judicious use of rasburicase, it is feasible to manage TLS efficiently in resource-limited settings. A modification of the TLS definition criteria would help to identify clinically relevant TLS.