[Principios y modalidades en terapia de reemplazo renal continua].

Gac Med Mex

Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, EE.UU.

Published: September 2019

La terapia de reemplazo renal continuo (CRRT, por sus siglas en inglés) se utiliza en pacientes críticamente enfermos con lesión renal aguda (LRA). Este tratamiento tiene una historia cargada de tintes pasionales y ambiciosos que han revolucionado el tratamiento en las Unidades de terapia intensiva. Avances tecnológicos permiten remover toxinas y ajustar líquidos y moléculas de manera paulatina y segura, lo que que plausiblemente mejora el pronóstico clínico. Las terapias continuas requieren una estrecha colaboración del equipo multidisciplinario. Aunque los datos no demuestran ventaja entre las distintas modalidades de tratamiento de sustitución renal, creemos que avanzamos hacia una estandarización del tratamiento con base en la evidencia, que ha de promover una continua mejoría en el tratamiento de pacientes críticos con LRA. En el presente artículo se comenta la evolución tecnológica, los componentes del circuito extracorpóreo, los pasos iniciales en el uso de las máquinas, los principios en mecanismos de transporte y, finalmente, las modalidades de mayor uso en CRRT. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is used in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. This modality of treatment, loaded with a history full of passion and ambition, has revolutionized treatment in intensive care units. Technological advances allow the removal of toxins and management of fluids and molecules in a gradual and safe way that plausibly improves the clinical prognosis. This technique requires close collaboration of the multidisciplinary team. Although data do not demonstrate an advantage among the different modalities of renal replacement therapy, we firmly believe that we are moving towards an evidence-based standardization of treatment, which should promote a continuous improvement in the management of critically ill patients with acute renal injury. The present study accomplishes the evolution of technology, the components of the extracorporeal circuit, the initial steps while using these dedicated machines, the principles of mechanisms of solute and water transport, and finally the most frequently prescribed modalities in CRRT.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M18000063DOI Listing

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