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Improving outcomes for very preterm babies in England: does place of birth matter? Findings from OPTI-PREM, a national cohort study.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed
December 2024
Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, UK.
Objective: Babies born between 27 and 31 weeks of gestation contribute substantially towards infant mortality and morbidity. In England, their care is delivered in maternity services colocated with highly specialised neonatal intensive care units (NICU) or less specialised local neonatal units (LNU). We investigated whether birth setting offered survival and/or morbidity advantages to inform National Health Service delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStrategies to improve recruitment in mental health clinical trials: a scoping review (RE-MIND study).
Trials
December 2024
Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Background: Lower-than-expected recruitment continues to be one of the major causes of trial delays, and trials to improve mental health are no exception. Indeed, recruitment challenges in trials of vulnerable populations, such as those living with mental health illness, can even be exacerbated. To address this, researchers are turning to digital and online recruitment strategies, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBenefits and harms associated with the use of AI-related algorithmic decision-making systems by healthcare professionals: a systematic review.
Lancet Reg Health Eur
January 2025
Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Virchowstr. 2, Potsdam 14482, Germany.
Background: Despite notable advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) that enable complex systems to perform certain tasks more accurately than medical experts, the impact on patient-relevant outcomes remains uncertain. To address this gap, this systematic review assesses the benefits and harms associated with AI-related algorithmic decision-making (ADM) systems used by healthcare professionals, compared to standard care.
Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, we included interventional and observational studies published as peer-reviewed full-text articles that met the following criteria: human patients; interventions involving algorithmic decision-making systems, developed with and/or utilizing machine learning (ML); and outcomes describing patient-relevant benefits and harms that directly affect health and quality of life, such as mortality and morbidity.
Adaptive HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence interventions for young women in Johannesburg, South Africa: a sequential multiple-assignment randomised trial.
Lancet HIV
December 2024
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background: Adherence to daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is low among African young women, and layered support strategies are needed to improve PrEP adherence in this population. We aimed to evaluate potentially scalable adherence-support strategies for young women aged 18-25 years who initiated PrEP in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Methods: We conducted a sequential multiple-assignment randomised trial at Ward 21 of the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute clinical research site, affiliated with University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Contextual factors influencing bubble continuous positive airway pressure implementation for paediatric respiratory distress in low-income and middle-income countries: a realist review.
Lancet Glob Health
December 2024
Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Background: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) is a low-cost, non-invasive respiratory support therapy for children with respiratory distress, but its effectiveness is dependent on the context. We aimed to understand contextual factors influencing bCPAP implementation for children aged 1-59 months in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to develop a theory explaining how these factors influence implementation outcomes.
Methods: In this realist review, we generated an initial programme theory comprising candidate context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCs) via review of key references and team discussion.
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