Syringeal EMGs and synthetic stimuli reveal a switch-like activation of the songbird's vocal motor program.

The coordination of complex vocal behaviors like human speech and oscine birdsong requires fine interactions between sensory and motor programs, the details of which are not completely understood. Here, we show that in sleeping male zebra finches (), the activity of the song system selectively evoked by playbacks of their own song can be detected in the syrinx. Electromyograms (EMGs) of a syringeal muscle show playback-evoked patterns strikingly similar to those recorded during song execution, with preferred activation instants within the song. Using this global and continuous readout, we studied the activation dynamics of the song system elicited by different auditory stimuli. We found that synthetic versions of the bird's song, rendered by a physical model of the avian phonation apparatus, evoked very similar responses, albeit with lower efficiency. Modifications of autogenous or synthetic songs reduce the response probability, but when present, the elicited activity patterns match execution patterns in shape and timing, indicating an all-or-nothing activation of the vocal motor program.