Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) has seen continuous development since the first experiments in the 1970s. HAXPES systems are predominantly located at synchrotron sources due to low photoionization cross sections necessitating high X-ray intensities, which limits the technique's availability to a wide range of users and potential applications. Here, a new laboratory-based instrument capable of delivering monochromated X-rays with an energy of 9.25 keV and a microfocused 30 × 45 μm X-ray spot is introduced. The system gives an excellent energy resolution of below 500 meV coupled with good X-ray intensity. It allows stable measurements under grazing incidence conditions to maximise signal intensities. This article outlines the instrument behavior, showcases applications including bulk and multilayer measurements, and describes the overall performance of the spectrometer. This system presents an alternative to synchrotron-based experimental end stations and will help expand the number and range of HAXPES experiments performed in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5039829 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
January 2025
College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Hydraulic structures are frequently subjected to soft-water or acidic environments, necessitating serious consideration of the long-term effects of calcium leaching on the durability of concrete structures. Three types of common Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement, moderate-heat cement, and low-heat cement) paste samples widely applied to hydraulic concrete were immersed in a 6 mol/L NHCl solution to simulate accelerated calcium leaching behavior. The mass loss, porosity, leaching depth, compressive strength, and Ca/Si ratio of the three types of pastes were measured at different immersion stages (0, 14, 28, 56, 91, 140, and 180 days).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China.
Composite coatings reinforced with varying mass fractions of SiC particles were successfully fabricated on 316 stainless steel substrates via laser cladding. The phase compositions, elemental distribution, microstructural characteristics, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Vickers hardness testing, friction-wear testing and electrochemical methods. The coatings have no obvious pores, cracks or other defects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Conserv Dent Endod
November 2024
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sangrur, Punjab, India.
Aims: This pilot study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of composite resin at the tooth-restoration interface, before and after radiation.
Subjects And Methods: Fifteen extracted premolars were divided into 2 experimental groups (based on the timing of irradiation) and 1 control group of 5 teeth each. In Group I (control group), teeth were restored but not exposed to radiation at any stage, Group II: teeth were irradiated before cavity preparation and restoration, and Group III: after cavity preparation and restoration employing selective etch technique, teeth were exposed to radiation.
J Biomed Opt
June 2024
Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States.
Significance: Pulse oximeter measurements are commonly relied upon for managing patient care and thus often require human testing before they can be legally marketed. Recent clinical studies have also identified disparities in their measurement of blood oxygen saturation by race or skin pigmentation.
Aim: The development of a reliable bench-top performance test method based on tissue-simulating phantoms has the potential to facilitate pre-market assessment and the development of more accurate and equitable devices.
Acta Neurochir (Wien)
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Objective: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), has become the preferred alternative to traditional open and transoral approaches to the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region. However, preoperative prediction of the limitations of caudal reach remains challenging. This cadaveric study aimed to quantify the CVJ area of exposure and access afforded by the EEA, evaluate the accuracy of previously described radiographic anthropometric lines, and identify the lowest limit of the EEA corridor.
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