Aims: Evaluate the T and compare the decay of different faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and molecular microbial source tracking (MST) markers of human and animal sources during summer and winter.
Methods And Results: The persistence of Escherichia coli and enterococci and several MST molecular markers targeting host-specific Bifidobacterium and Bacteroidales species (BifHM, BifCW, BifPL, HF183/BFD, Rum2Bac and Pig2Bac) was assessed at the same time using mesocosms. Dialysis bags filled with diluted wastewater from different sources were kept in an outdoor water tank and monitored regularly to assess the inactivation rates. The T values of E. coli by culture methods ranged from 1·52 to 5·69 days in summer and 2·06 to 6·19 days in winter, whereas with qPCR 2·29-4·23 days in summer and 4·17-8·09 days in winter. T values for enterocci ranged from 1·15 to 3·10 days in summer and from 3·01 to 5·46 days in winter. Significant differences were observed between faecal sources for both markers. For the MST makers similar T values were obtained in summer (1·05-1·91 days), whereas higher variability was observed in winter (2·90-6·12 days).
Conclusions: Different decay rates were observed for the FIB from the different sources, especially for E. coli in ruminant samples. A higher variability among T values of the different MST markers in winter was observed, whereas similar T values were detected in summer highlighting the stronger effect of environmental parameters during this season.
Significance And Impact Of The Study: The diverse inactivation rates observed in bacteria from different faecal sources have implications when these rates are used to model faecal pollution in water. The use of FIBT of different sources is essential to develop reliable predictive models. Since different inactivation of E. coli regarding the source of pollution has been observed, the source of the pollution has to be considered for modelling approaches.
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