Pleural coccidioidomycosis presenting as spontaneous pneumothorax.

is a fungus endemic to Southwestern USA and Northern Mexico which can be asymptomatic or result in a well-defined clinical syndrome of community-acquired pneumonia. On rare occasion, coccidioidomycosis may have atypical presentations as in our patient, a 25-year-old man admitted with a 2-month history of progressive dyspnoea and cough. He was found to have a large right-sided pneumothorax with exudative pleural effusion which did not resolve following thoracentesis. Decortication was performed which revealed a dense rind of inflammatory tissue covering all lobes of his right lung. Histopathology demonstrated hyphae resembling , but culture and serology confirmed Following several months of antifungal therapy, he achieved complete clinical recovery with near-complete resolution of radiographic findings.