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Individuals diagnosed with Castleman disease (CD) and TAFRO syndrome (characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, bone marrow fibrosis, and organomegaly) displays a wide range of clinical symptoms, including varying patterns of lymph node enlargement, systemic inflammation, and impaired organ function. Some patients may present with both CD and TAFRO syndrome concurrently. A retrospective study conducted across multiple centers in Japan examined 321 cases to determine if the quantity and position of swollen lymph nodes could forecast the clinical progression and intensity of these conditions.

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An Elusive Diagnosis of Castleman Disease.

Ann Thorac Surg Short Rep

September 2024

Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.

We present the case of a 41-year-old man with an anterior mediastinal mass and constellation of clinical symptoms, including dyspnea, pleural effusions, pericardial effusions, renal insufficiency, and pancytopenia. After inconclusive results on several laboratory tests and a nondiagnostic surgical biopsy specimen, a specimen from a second surgical biopsy identified the patient's condition as Castleman disease associated with TAFRO (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fevers, reticulin myelofibrosis, organomegaly) syndrome. This case highlights the importance of obtaining large tissue biopsy samples, interval follow-up, and acknowledging cognitive biases.

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Computed tomography findings of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease subtypes.

J Clin Exp Hematop

December 2024

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.

This study retrospectively evaluated the computed tomography (CT) findings of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) at a single center and compared the CT findings of iMCD-TAFRO with those of iMCD-non-TAFRO. CT images obtained within 30 days before diagnostic confirmation were reviewed for 20 patients with iMCD (8 men and 12 women, mean age 52.8 ± 12.

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POEMS syndrome is a complex and rare hematological disease involving multiple physiological systems. According to the currently accepted diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome, polyneuropathy is one of the primary mandatory criteria. A patient presented with M protein, Castleman disease (CD), elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), extravascular volume overload, and endocrinopathy.

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Renal involvement in TAFRO syndrome: a review.

Clin Exp Nephrol

November 2024

Nephrology Center and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Renal involvement in TAFRO syndrome is characterized clinically by general edema with ascites and pleural effusions and a rapidly progressive decline in renal function, with urinary protein levels of usually less than 1 g/day. The histologic features of the kidneys can be described as glomerular microangiopathy characterized by mesangiolysis or mesangial loosening, endothelial cell proliferation, edematous opening in the subendothelial space, and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) doubling due to newly formed basement membrane. Findings such as rupture of the GBM, foot-process effacement or fusion, and epithelial cell loss are rare, and thrombus formation is difficult to identify in the glomerulus.

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