colonization is not associated with proventricular dilatation disease in psittacines.

Psittacine proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a neurological disease caused by parrot bornaviruses. A competing theory suggests that intestinal colonization by species may also be a potential cause of PDD or that their presence may be required for disease development. This theory proposes that PDD results from the activities of antiganglioside antibodies on enteric neurons in a manner similar to the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. We therefore cultured feces from domestic chickens as well as from multiple parrot species to determine whether spp. could be detected in the latter. We failed to detect in a flock of cockatiels known to be highly susceptible to experimental parrot bornavirus-induced PDD. Even in naturally infected psittacines suffering from clinical PDD, no species were detected. Conversely, was readily cultured from domestic poultry samples and confirmed by using matrix-associated laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy/real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that not only are infections of psittacines uncommon, but also that infection by species is not related to the etiology of PDD.