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Left Ventricular Unloading Before Reperfusion Promotes Functional Recovery After Acute Myocardial Infarction. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Heart failure following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) significantly impacts patient health, and research indicates that reducing left ventricular (LV) work before restoring blood flow (primary unloading) could minimize heart damage.
  • This study in male swine showed that 30 minutes of LV unloading before reperfusion effectively reduced infarct size and improved heart function long-term, compared to immediate reperfusion.
  • Mechanistic findings revealed that unloading enhances cellular respiration and protects against heart tissue damage by increasing levels of a cardioprotective protein (SDF-1α), ultimately leading to less scar tissue and better cardiac performance after 28 days.

Article Abstract

Background: Heart failure after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We recently reported that activation of a transvalvular axial-flow pump in the left ventricle and delaying myocardial reperfusion, known as primary unloading, limits infarct size after AMI. The mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective benefit of primary unloading and whether the acute decrease in infarct size results in a durable reduction in LV scar and improves cardiac function remain unknown.

Objectives: This study tested the importance of LV unloading before reperfusion, explored cardioprotective mechanisms, and determined the late-term impact of primary unloading on myocardial function.

Methods: Adult male swine were subjected to primary reperfusion or primary unloading after 90 min of percutaneous left anterior descending artery occlusion.

Results: Compared with primary reperfusion, 30 min of LV unloading was necessary and sufficient before reperfusion to limit infarct size 28 days after AMI. Compared with primary reperfusion, primary unloading increased expression of genes associated with cellular respiration and mitochondrial integrity within the infarct zone. Primary unloading for 30 min further reduced activity levels of proteases known to degrade the cardioprotective cytokine, stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1α, thereby increasing SDF-1α signaling via reperfusion injury salvage kinases, which limits apoptosis within the infarct zone. Inhibiting SDF-1α activity attenuated the cardioprotective effect of primary unloading. Twenty-eight days after AMI, primary unloading reduced LV scar size, improved cardiac function, and limited expression of biomarkers associated with heart failure and maladaptive remodeling.

Conclusions: The authors report for the first time that first mechanically reducing LV work before coronary reperfusion with a transvalvular pump is necessary and sufficient to reduce infarct size and to activate a cardioprotective program that includes enhanced SDF-1α activity. Primary unloading further improved LV scar size and cardiac function 28 days after AMI.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6817809PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.034DOI Listing

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