Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
In this paper, we demonstrate a strategy of covalently bonding bioactive molecules onto inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAp) to improve the compatibility between organic and inorganic components and endow the bone composites with sustainable bioactivity. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) peptide covalently immobilized nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp-BMP-2) is developed to preserve the bioactivity and slow the release of the BMP-2 peptide. Then nHAp-BMP-2 was further incorporated into an ultraviolet-curable mixture of gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) and four-armed PEG methacrylamide (four-armed PEGMA) to form a Gel/(nHAp-BMP-2) composite. The hydrogen bonding between gelatin and BMP-2 on nHAp-BMP-2 enhanced the compatibility between inorganic and organic components. The Gel/(nHAp-BMP-2) composite exhibited superior biocompatibility caused by gelatin and nHAp-BMP-2, except in a two-dimensional cell culture, the hydrogel was also capable of a three-dimensional cell culture. In addition, the introduction of nHAp-BMP-2 had a positive influence on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and the subsequent calcification on the composite. After treatment of a rat calvarial defect model for 12 weeks, the Gel/(nHAp-BMP-2) group showed the largest new bone volume and the highest ratio of new bone (50.54 ± 13.51 mm and 64.38 ± 17.22%, respectively) compared to those of the other groups. These results demonstrate that this way of controlling BMP-2 release is effective and the Gel/(nHAp-BMP-2) composite has great potential in bone regeneration therapy.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00707 | DOI Listing |
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