Synovial osteochondromatosis is a disease characterized by a benign metaplastic cartilaginous proliferation. There are very few studies on synovial osteochondromatosis in Sub Saharan Africa. We report on 10 observations. We conducted a retrospective study carried out from January 2004 to December 2008, in Synovial osteochondromatosis patients attending the Rheumatology Unit of the Yaounde Central Hospital. We studied 3 women and 7 men, with an average age of 27 years±13 (range: 14 and 89 years old). The knee was the most affected joint (observed in 9 cases) and the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb was affected in 1 case. Pain was constant, and joint motion limitation was observed in 6 cases, swelling of the joint in 4 cases, cracking of the joint in 2 cases and nodules were noted in 1 case. None of these patients presented an inflammatory syndrome. Radiological signs were: calcified chondromas in all 10 cases, associated with degenerative lesions in 3 cases. Every patient received an analgesic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication. Only 3 patients (patients 1, 4 and 5) underwent surgical synovectomy. None of the patients underwent arthroscopic surgery or synoviorthesis. Synovial osteochondromatosis manifestations in our patients were similar to what has been described in the literature, only differing in that surgical care was not constant.
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