The mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a forest insect pest endemic to western North America. During dispersal and host colonization, MPB identify suitable host trees by olfaction of monoterpene volatiles, contend with host terpene defenses, and communicate with conspecifics using terpenoid and other pheromones. Cytochromes P450 (P450s) have been proposed to function in MPB olfaction, terpene detoxification, and pheromone biosynthesis. Here, we identified P450s that were abundant in the antennae transcriptome. Analysis of transcript levels across different life stages and tissues in females and males showed additional expression of most of these P450s in the midgut or fat body. These expression profiles suggest specific or overlapping functions in olfaction, detoxification, and pheromone biosynthesis.
The worldwide legalization of medicinal cannabis has led to an increased use of products made by commercial operators. These products often contain minor cannabinoids such as cannabinol (CBN) which are advertised to improve sleep. Products are also available in which CBN is combined with conventional therapies, with a common product containing both CBN and the widely used sleep-aid melatonin.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
A dwarf mutant with short branches (csdf) was identified from EMS-induced mutagenesis. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing and map-based cloning revealed CsKAO encoding ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase as the causal gene. Plant architecture is the primary target of artificial selection during domestication and improvement based on the determinate function for fruit yield.
Cardiotoxicity associated with hepatic metabolism and drug-drug interactions is a serious concern. Predicting drug toxicity using animals remains challenging due to species and ethical concerns, necessitating the need to develop alternative approaches. Drug cardiotoxicity associated with hepatic metabolism cannot be detected using a cardiomyocyte-only evaluation system.
Purpose/background: Clozapine is the recommended drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Drug response could be affected by numerous factors such as age, sex, body mass index, co-medication, consumption of xanthine-containing beverages, smoking, and genetic variants of the enzymes involved in clozapine metabolism (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and, to a lesser extent, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6). This study evaluated genetic and nongenetic variables that may affect clozapine plasma concentrations in Uruguayan patients with schizophrenia.
Purpose: The treatment landscape for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been revolutionized by the introduction of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which has transformed the disease from a fatal condition into a manageable chronic illness for a substantial number of patients. Despite this, some individuals do not respond adequately to the treatment, and others may experience disease progression even with continued therapy. This study examined how CYP2C8*3 (G416A; rs11572080) and ABCG2 C421A (rs2231142) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect the plasma trough concentration and therapeutic response of imatinib in Egyptian CML patients.
