The lateral meningocele syndrome mutation causes marked osteopenia in mice.

Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by neurological complications and osteoporosis. LMS is associated with mutations in exon 33 of leading to a truncated protein lacking sequences for NOTCH3 degradation and presumably causing NOTCH3 gain of function. To create a mouse model reproducing human LMS-associated mutations, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a tandem termination codon at bases 6691-6696 (ACCAAG→TAATGA) and verified this mutation ( ) by DNA sequencing of F1 mice. One-month-old male and female heterozygous mice had cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia but exhibited no obvious neurological alterations, and histopathology of multiple organs revealed no abnormalities. Microcomputed tomography of these mutants revealed a 35-60% decrease in cancellous bone volume associated with a reduction in trabecular number and decreased connectivity. During maturation, cancellous and cortical bones were restored in female but not in male mice, which exhibited cancellous bone osteopenia at 4 months. Cancellous bone histomorphometry revealed increased osteoblast and osteocyte numbers and a modest increase in osteoclast surface and bone formation rate. calvarial osteoblasts had increased proliferation and increased bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein () and TNF superfamily member 11 () mRNA levels and lower levels. mRNA was increased in osteocyte-rich femora from mice. Cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice revealed increased osteoclast formation, particularly in cocultures with osteoblasts from mice. In conclusion, the mutation causes osteopenia despite an increase in osteoblast proliferation and function and is associated with enhanced expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes.