Introduction: Adherence has a key role in treating patients as influences the effectiveness of therapeutic treatment for improving overall survival, life expectancy, quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. There are gaps in identifying indicators to be used to evaluate adherence and ways in which these indicators should be adopted. The aim of this paper is to identify adherence's indicators in literature.
Methods: Systematic review was carried out in, Cinhal-EBSCO, Medline-PUBMED and Scopus including studies of measure patient's adherence in English and published from 2010 to 2016. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. The quality of the articles was assessed with the NewCastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias for experimental studies.
Results: Of the 7,368 papers initially retrieved, 15 met the inclusion criteria (11 observational studies, 4 RCTs), for a total of 1,396 patients. The indicators found are: self-report tools, pill counts, drug recharge rate, continuous measures, metabolic dosage. A patient is considered adherent to the treatment if he or she assumes a percentage of drugs ≥ 80% of the prescribed medications.
Discussion: A better adherence rating is obtained by using multiple instruments at the same time. The objective indicators derive from the direct measurement methods of adherence, the subjective ones from the indirect.
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