Transdermal delivery of pharmaceuticals using ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents (DES) has attracted significant interest due to the inherent tunability of the molecules and their capacity to transport large molecules across the skin. Several key properties of DESs including viscosity, miscibility and possible transport enhancement can be controlled through the choice of ions and their ratio in DES. Herein we investigate the effect of cation/anion ratio using Choline and Geranic acid (CAGE) based DES. We synthesized variants of CAGE by controlling the ratio of Choline to Geranic acid over a range of 1:4 to 2:1. Physicochemical properties including viscosity, conductivity and diffusivity were measured. Effect of CAGE on skin permeability was assessed using insulin in ex vivo porcine skin. Each variant was found to have distinct properties, including interionic interactions, viscosity, and conductivity. In addition, the effect of CAGE on stratum corneum lipids, as assessed by FTIR, was dependent on its composition. Transport enhancement was also composition-dependent, as the variants containing excess geranic acid (1:2 and 1:4, but not geranic acid alone) exhibited higher insulin delivery into the dermis compared to other compositions, demonstrating the importance of investigating the effect of ion ratios on drug delivery.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.029 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Pharmacokinetics of Geraniol and Its Metabolites in Mice After Oral Administration.
Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu-city Aichi Japan.
Geraniol is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol that is extracted from the essential oils of aromatic plants. Geraniol has several biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. However, the pharmacokinetics of geraniol and its metabolites after oral administration remain unknown in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholine geranate (CAGE): A multifaceted ionic liquid for drug delivery.
J Control Release
December 2024
School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 150 Western Ave, Allston 02134, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, 201 Brookline Ave, Boston 02215, USA. Electronic address:
Ionic liquids, organic salts in a liquid state below 100 °C, have traditionally been associated with industrial applications. Recent research has introduced a new generation of ionic liquids, designed from biocompatible ions, to enable applications in drug delivery. Here, I provide a historical perspective, development status and applications of a leading example of biocompatible ionic liquids, a salt of Choline And Geranic acid (CAGE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIonic Liquid-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Organogel Containing Cyclosporine A for the Effective Treatment of Psoriasis.
ACS Omega
October 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500078, India.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on improving the skin delivery of Cyclosporine A (CsA), a high molecular weight peptide used for psoriasis treatment, by using ionic liquids mixed with a Pluronic F127 matrix.
- Researchers created an organogel formulation using choline and geranic acid (CAGE) combined with Pluronic F127 and PEG 400, which significantly enhanced CsA's skin permeability.
- The CsA-CAGE-P gel showed a remarkable increase in drug flux and effectiveness in reducing psoriasis symptoms in an animal model compared to traditional methods, proving it to be a promising topical treatment option.
Biotransformation of Geraniol to Geranic Acid Using Fungus IIIMF4011.
ACS Omega
October 2024
CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
Geraniol is an important component in essential oils of aromatic plants such as lemongrass, rosa grass, and many others. It can be converted to different high-value products by using microbes/enzymes. The present study aims at the isolation and screening of microbes showing efficient production of geranic acid (a high-value product) from geraniol (a low-value monoterpene).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of biocatalysts for high-value-added compounds.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
October 2024
Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan.
High-value-added compounds, such as monoterpenoids, are an important industrial targets because they are an essential group of compounds for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Meanwhile, the depletion of natural resources and climate change demands sustainable production methods. In recent years, biocatalysis, which allows microbial bioproduction by regio- and stereo-selective reaction under mild conditions, has been attracted researchers' attention as a possible alternative to conventional methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!