AI Article Synopsis
- * Penetration resistance occurs when insects' cuticles undergo changes that make it harder for insecticides to penetrate their bodies, with two main mechanisms being cuticle thickening and composition alteration.
- * These cuticular changes result from the over-expression of certain genes or proteins, including cuticular proteins, enzymes, and transporters, and the review summarizes recent findings while discussing future research directions.
Article Abstract
Intense use of insecticides has resulted in the selection of extreme levels of resistance in insect populations. Therefore understanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance mechanisms becomes critical. Penetration resistance refers to modifications in the cuticle that will eventually slow down the penetration of insecticide molecules within insects' body. So far, two mechanisms of penetration resistance have been described, the cuticle thickening and the altering of cuticle composition. Cuticular modifications are attributed to the over-expression of diversified genes or proteins, which belong to structural components (cuticular proteins mainly), enzymes that catalyze enzymatic reactions (CYP4G16 and laccase 2) or ABC transporters that promote cuticular translocation. In the present review we summarize recent studies and discuss future perspectives.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.03.001 | DOI Listing |
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