Calcium fluoride (CaF₂) nanoparticles with various terbium (Tb) doping concentrations were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and alternating current (AC) impedance measurement. The original shape and structure of CaF₂ nanoparticles were retained after doping. In all the samples, the dominant charge carriers were electrons, and the F ion transference number increased with increasing Tb concentration. The defects in the grain region considerably contributed to the electron transportation process. When the Tb concentration was less than 3%, the effect of the ionic radius variation dominated and led to the diffusion of the F ions and facilitated electron transportation. When the Tb concentration was greater than 3%, the increasing deformation potential scattering dominated, impeding F ion diffusion and electron transportation. The substitution of Ca by Tb enables the electron and ion hopping in CaF₂ nanocrystals, resulting in increased permittivity.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070532 | DOI Listing |
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