In order to evaluate the potential risk of planting transgenic corn on soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, in 2015, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected at the jointing stage, tassel stage, milky stage, and ripening stage, and the effects of transgenic maize with the and genes on the abundance and diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria were studied by real-time quantitative PCR and T-RFLP. The results showed that the copy number of the diazotrophic gene in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of transgenic maize with the and genes (C0030.3.5) and its parental maize (DBN318) showed a trend where it first increased and then decrease with the growth stages, ranging between 2.99×10 and 7.02×10 copies·g. The abundance of the diazotrophic gene in the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil gene showed no significant difference between TM and PM in the same growth stage (>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the abundance of the diazotrophic gene was positively correlated with the content of organic matter, but negatively correlated with water content. T-RFLP analysis yielded 14 T-RFs of different lengths, and 43-bp and 155-bp fragments were the dominant population. The community composition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was the same as that of TM and PM in the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, and there was no significant difference between the TM and PM populations in the same growth period (>0.05). The Shannon index and Evenness index of the diazotrophic gene showed a trend where they first increased and then decreased with the growth period, and there was no significant difference in the Shannon index and Evenness index in the same growth stage between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples. Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the composition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was not different between TM and PM. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil ammonium, nitrogen, and pH were significantly correlated with composition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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