How to Identify Organizational High-Alert Medications.

Objectives: High-alert medications may cause significant patient harm when used in error. Hospital-specific safety data should be used to customize high-alert medication lists to fit the local context. The aim of this study was to identify organizational high-alert medications by evaluating university hospital's data on adverse drug reaction (ADR) and medication error (ME).

Methods: The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes and top active substances in ADR (n = 401) and ME (n = 11,668) reports of Helsinki University Hospital from 2015-2016 were analyzed and compared with hospitals' drug consumption and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices' (ISMP) list of high-alert medications.

Results: The top ATC groups and active substances in ADR and ME reports were not similar. The most numerous ATC groups were L, antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (30%) in ADRs and N, nervous system (26%) in MEs. According to ADR and ME reports, several high-alert medications from Institute for Safe Medication Practices' lists, such as antineoplastic agents, antithrombotics, opioids, and insulins, should be considered high-alert medications also in Helsinki University Hospital. Although no ADR reports of amphotericin B existed, it had the highest number of MEs causing severe/moderate harm or unexpected reactions relative to its consumption.

Conclusions: To identify organizational high-alert medications, both drug safety information and medication safety information should be used. Adverse drug reaction and ME data are needed to recognize high-alert medications, but these should also be combined with a literature search and local expert opinions.