Successful management of giant hydrocolpos in a limited-resource setting.

Abdominal distention and urinary retention are rare manifestations in newborns. The differential diagnosis of a female neonate presenting these signs, especially when combined, should include hydrocolpos due to imperforate hymen. The prognosis of imperforate hymen is generally good, although it can be associated with serious nephro-urologic and infectious complications. Early diagnosis and drainage of hydrocolpos allow prevention and/or improvement of these possible complications. In limited-resource settings, diagnostic imaging is more difficult to obtain, and, therefore, increased caution and an accurate physical exam with perineal inspection are essential. We report the case of a 8-day-old female neonate showing abdominal distention and urinary retention. She had a final diagnosis of imperforate hymen with giant hydrocolpos, complicated by obstructive uropathy and following urosepsis and bladder perforation.