Surgical Resection of Occult Subungual Glomus Tumors: Cold Sensitivity and Sonographic Findings.

Purpose: We surgically treated subungual masses that were suspected glomus tumors, although definitive clinical and radiological findings were lacking. We report the outcomes of a retrospective case series.

Methods: Of 42 patients treated by surgical resection between March 1996 and December 2015, 7 who met our inclusion/exclusion criteria were evaluated. At least 1 symptom of the typical triad (temperature sensitivity, severe pain, and localized tenderness) was absent, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were normal. After ultrasonographic evaluation, we resected the masses using a transungual approach or a nail-preserving method. After pathological confirmation of the diagnosis, we followed all patients for at least 2 years to evaluate tumor recurrence and nail deformity.

Results: In 5 patients, cold sensitivity was the only symptom; no physical finding was suggestive of a glomus tumor. Tenderness was evidenced by the 2 patients who lacked cold sensitivity. None of the 7 patients exhibited CT or MRI abnormalities, but small acoustic shadows were evident in 4 patients, and blood-rich nodules were noted in 2 patients. The mean diameter of the 7 tumors was 2.1 mm, and pathological examination revealed typical glomus bodies. No major surgery-associated complication developed during follow-up. The final mean visual analog scale score (assessing pain) improved to 0.3 from the mean preoperative value of 3.6.

Conclusions: Small glomus tumors exhibit few traditional symptoms and signs and no definitive radiological CT/MRI finding. However, cold sensitivity alone is a powerful surgical indication, and occasionally, ultrasonographic findings are useful even in the absence of CT/MRI findings.