The physicist Edward Purcell wrote in 1977 about mechanisms that cells could use to propel themselves in a low Reynolds number environment. Reporting in Developmental Cell, O'Neill et al. (2018) provide direct evidence for one of these mechanisms by optogenetically driving the migration of cells suspended in liquid through RhoA activation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.008 | DOI Listing |
NPJ Sci Food
January 2022
Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
The identification of molecular targets of bioactive food components is important to understand the mechanistic aspect of their physiological functions. Here, we have developed a screening system that enables us to determine the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by food components and have identified GPR55 as a target for curcumin. Curcumin activated GPR55 and induced serum-response element- and serum-response factor-mediated transcription, which were inhibited by Rho kinase and GPR55 antagonists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall GTPases
February 2015
Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium.
Rho GTPases are key regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics and organization. Increasing evidence shows that many viruses have evolved diverse interactions with Rho GTPase signaling and manipulate them for their own benefit. In this review, we discuss how Rho GTPase signaling interferes with many steps in the viral replication cycle, especially entry, replication, and spread.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Bone Miner Res
March 2013
Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in red blood cells (RBCs) are an objective indicator of PUFA status and may be related to hip fracture risk. The primary objective of this study was to examine RBC PUFAs as predictors of hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women. A nested case-control study (n = 400 pairs) was completed within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) using 201 incident hip fracture cases from the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) cohort, along with 199 additional incident hip fracture cases randomly selected from the WHI Observational Study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi
November 2011
Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
The rapid increase in diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, necessitates the development of new therapeutic strategies for the amelioration and treatment of DR, especially in the earlier stages. In the present study, involvement of the Rho/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway in diabetic microvasculopathy and the therapeutic potential of fasudil, a selective ROCK inhibitor, were investigated. Retinal microvascular damage secondary to increased leukocyte adhesion substantially contributes to DR in its early stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Cell
August 2009
Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Ehrenreiter et al. unveil a critical role for the Raf-1/Rok-alpha interaction in the pathogenesis of SCCs, thus paving the way for the development of therapeutic modalities to treat this malignancy.
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