Envisioning robotic surgery: Surgeons' needs and views on interacting with future technologies and interfaces.

Background: The development of technology in robotic surgery is typically presented from a technical perspective. This study considers the user perspective as an input to the development of technology by exploring potential solutions within and beyond the field of robotic surgery.

Methods: Advanced technological solution concepts were selected based on a technology review and an ethnographic study. Using a future workshop method, these were rated and discussed by a group of surgeons from three perspectives: enhancing operation outcome, user experience and learning in the operating theatre.

Results: Diverse technologies were considered to offer potential for supporting the surgeons' work. User experience and learning could be improved especially via solutions novel to robotic surgery. Robotic surgery technologies currently under development were mainly considered to support a good operation outcome. Suitability for practical work was elaborated upon, and related concerns were identified.

Conclusions: The results can support development of robotic surgery to enhance surgeons' work.