Correlates of Rectal Douching Practices Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Kenya.

Background: Among men who have sex with men (MSM), rectal douching (RD) has been associated with increased prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections. Substances commonly used for RD, especially water-based solutions, could disrupt the rectal epithelium and increase susceptibility to infection. The few existing reports on RD among MSM are primarily in middle- and high-income settings, and to date, no study has focused on RD among MSM in Africa.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of programmatic data from key population service centers in western Kenya. Data were extracted from records of clients who identified as MSM and accessed services between January 1, 2014, and September 1, 2016. We compared demographic and behavioral characteristics of men who did and did not practice RD. Logistic regression assessed associations with RD.

Results: Of the 202 MSM in this analysis, 63% engaged in RD. All who engaged in RD used water-based substances. Those who engaged in receptive anal intercourse in the last 3 months were more likely to report RD (odds ratio, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-6.07). Among MSM who engaged in sex work, those who practiced RD reported more regular clients per week (2.8 clients vs. 1.3 clients, P = 0.01). Rectal douching practices did not vary by other sexual risk practices.

Conclusions: Rectal douching is common in this population of Kenyan MSM, especially among those who have recently engaged in receptive anal intercourse, suggesting that a rectal douche that delivers microbicides could be a potential intervention to reduce human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection within this population.